European leaders and when they were appointed or elected

Abkhazia (partially recognised, secessionist state)

• President – Aslan Bzhania, President of Abkhazia (2020–present)
• Prime Minister – Aleksander Ankvab, Prime Minister of Abkhazia (2020–present)

Albania

• President – Ilir Meta, President of Albania (2017–present)
• Prime Minister – Edi Rama, Prime Minister of Albania (2013–present)

Andorra

Monarchs –

• French Co-Prince – Emmanuel Macron, French Co-prince of Andorra (2017–present)
• Co-Prince’s Representative – Patrick Strzoda (2017–present)
• Episcopal Co-Prince – Archbishop Joan Enric Vives Sicília, Episcopal Co-prince of Andorra (2003–present)
• Co-Prince’s Representative – Josep Maria Mauri (2012–present)
• Prime Minister – Xavier Espot Zamora, Head of Government of Andorra (2019–present)

Armenia

President –

• Armen Sarkissian, President of Armenia (2018–2022)
• Alen Simonyan, Acting President of Armenia (2022)
• Vahagn Khachaturyan, President of Armenia (2022–present)
• Prime Minister – Nikol Pashinyan, Prime Minister of Armenia (2018–present)

Artsakh (unrecognised, secessionist state)

• President – Arayik Harutyunyan, President of Artsakh (2020–present)

Austria

• President – Alexander Van der Bellen, Federal President of Austria (2017–present)
• Chancellor – Karl Nehammer, Federal Chancellor of Austria (2021–present)

Azerbaijan

• President – Ilham Aliyev, President of Azerbaijan (2003–present)
• Prime Minister – Ali Asadov, Prime Minister of Azerbaijan (2019–present)

Belarus

• President – Alexander Lukashenko, President of Belarus (1994–present)
• Prime Minister – Roman Golovchenko, Prime Minister of Belarus (2020–present)

Belgium

• Monarch – Philippe, King of the Belgians (2013–present)
• Prime Minister – Alexander De Croo, Prime Minister of Belgium (2020–present)

Bosnia and Herzegovina

• Head of State – Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Bosniak Member – Šefik Džaferović (2018–present: Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2022–present)
• Croat Member – Željko Komšić (2018–present: Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2021–2022)
• Serb Member – Milorad Dodik (2018–present)
• Prime Minister – Zoran Tegeltija, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina (2019–present)
• High Representative – Christian Schmidt, High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina (2021–present)

Bulgaria

• President – Rumen Radev, President of Bulgaria (2017–present)
• Prime Minister – Kiril Petkov, Prime Minister of Bulgaria (2021–present)

Croatia

• President – Zoran Milanović, President of Croatia (2020–present)
• Prime Minister – Andrej Plenković, Prime Minister of Croatia (2016–present)

Cyprus

• President – Nicos Anastasiades, President of Cyprus (2013–present)

Czech Republic

• President – Miloš Zeman, President of the Czech Republic (2013–present)
• Prime Minister – Petr Fiala, Prime Minister of the Czech Republic (2021–present)

Denmark

• Monarch – Margrethe II, Queen of Denmark (1972–present)
• Prime Minister – Mette Frederiksen, Prime Minister of Denmark (2019–present)

Donetsk People’s Republic (partially recognised, secessionist state)

• President – Denis Pushilin, President of Donetsk People’s Republic (2018–present)
• Prime Minister – Alexander Ananchenko, Prime Minister of Donetsk People’s Republic (2018–present)

Estonia

• President – Alar Karis, President of Estonia (2021–present)
• Prime Minister – Kaja Kallas, Prime Minister of Estonia (2021–present)

Finland

• President – Sauli Niinistö, President of Finland (2012–present)
• Prime Minister – Sanna Marin, Prime Minister of Finland (2019–present)

France

• President – Emmanuel Macron, President of France (2017–present)
• Prime Minister – Jean Castex, Prime Minister of France (2020–present)

Georgia

• President – Salome Zurabishvili, President of Georgia (2018–present)
• Prime Minister – Irakli Garibashvili, Prime Minister of Georgia (2021–present)

Germany

• President – Frank-Walter Steinmeier, Federal President of Germany (2017–present)
• Chancellor – Olaf Scholz, Federal Chancellor of Germany (2021–present)

Greece

• President – Katerina Sakellaropoulou, President of Greece (2020–present)
• Prime Minister – Kyriakos Mitsotakis, Prime Minister of Greece (2019–present)

Hungary

• President – János Áder, President of Hungary (2012–present)
• Prime Minister – Viktor Orbán, Prime Minister of Hungary (2010–present)

Iceland

• President – Guðni Th. Jóhannesson, President of Iceland (2016–present)
• Prime Minister – Katrín Jakobsdóttir, Prime Minister of Iceland (2017–present)

Ireland

• President – Michael D. Higgins, President of Ireland (2011–present)
• Prime Minister – Micheál Martin, Taoiseach of Ireland (2020–present)

Italy

• President – Sergio Mattarella, President of Italy (2015–present)
• Prime Minister – Mario Draghi, President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (2021–present)

Kosovo (partially recognised, secessionist state; under nominal international administration) [disputed – discuss]

• President – Vjosa Osmani, President of Kosovo (2021–present)
• Prime Minister – Albin Kurti, Prime Minister of Kosovo (2021–present)
• UN Special Representative – Zahir Tanin, Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General for Kosovo (2015–present)

Latvia

• President – Egils Levits, President of Latvia (2019–present)
• Prime Minister – Krišjānis Kariņš, Prime Minister of Latvia (2019–present)

Liechtenstein

• Monarch – Hans-Adam II, Prince Regnant of Liechtenstein (1989–present)
• Regent – Hereditary Prince Alois, Regent of Liechtenstein (2004–present)
• Prime Minister – Daniel Risch, Head of Government of Liechtenstein (2021–present)

Lithuania

• President – Gitanas Nausėda, President of Lithuania (2019–present)
• Prime Minister – Ingrida Šimonytė, Prime Minister of Lithuania (2020–present)

Luhansk People’s Republic (partially recognised, secessionist state)

• President – Leonid Pasechnik, Head of state of Luhansk People’s Republic (2017–present)
• Prime Minister – Sergey Kozlov, Prime Minister of Luhansk People’s Republic (2015–present)

Luxembourg

• Monarch – Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (2000–present)
• Prime Minister – Xavier Bettel, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (2013–present)

Malta

• President – George Vella, President of Malta (2019–present)
• Prime Minister – Robert Abela, Prime Minister of Malta (2020–present)

Moldova

• President – Maia Sandu, President of Moldova (2020–present)
• Prime Minister – Natalia Gavrilița, Prime Minister of Moldova (2021–present)

Monaco

• Monarch – Albert II, Sovereign Prince of Monaco (2005–present)
• Prime Minister – Pierre Dartout, Minister of State of Monaco (2020–present)

Montenegro

• President – Milo Đukanović, President of Montenegro (2018–present)
• Prime Minister –
• Zdravko Krivokapić, Prime Minister of Montenegro (2020–2022)
• Dritan Abazović, Prime Minister of Montenegro (2022–present)

Netherlands

• Monarch – Willem-Alexander, King of the Netherlands (2013–present)
• Chairman of the Council of Ministers – Mark Rutte, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (2010–present)

North Macedonia

• President – Stevo Pendarovski, President of North Macedonia (2019–present)
• Prime Minister –
• Zoran Zaev, President of the Government of North Macedonia (2020–2022)
• Dimitar Kovačevski, President of the Government of North Macedonia (2022–present)

Northern Cyprus (unrecognised, secessionist state)

• President – Ersin Tatar, President of Northern Cyprus (2020–present)
• Prime Minister – Faiz Sucuoğlu, Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus (2021–present)

Norway

• Monarch – Harald V, King of Norway (1991–present)
• Prime Minister – Jonas Gahr Støre, Prime Minister of Norway (2021–present)

Poland

• President – Andrzej Duda, President of Poland (2015–present)
• Prime Minister – Mateusz Morawiecki, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Poland (2017–present)

Portugal

• President – Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa, President of Portugal (2016–present)
• Prime Minister – António Costa, Prime Minister of Portugal (2015–present)

Romania

• President – Klaus Iohannis, President of Romania (2014–present)
• Prime Minister – Nicolae Ciucă, Prime Minister of Romania (2021–present)

Russia

• President – Vladimir Putin, President of Russia (2012–present)
• Prime Minister – Mikhail Mishustin, Chairman of the Government of Russia (2020–present)

San Marino

• Captains-Regent – Francesco Mussoni and Giacomo Simoncini, Captains Regent of San Marino (2021–present)

Serbia

• President – Aleksandar Vučić, President of Serbia (2017–present)
• Prime Minister – Ana Brnabić, Prime Minister of Serbia (2017–present)

Slovakia

• President – Zuzana Čaputová, President of Slovakia (2019–present)
• Prime Minister – Eduard Heger, Prime Minister of Slovakia (2021–present)

Slovenia

• President – Borut Pahor, President of Slovenia (2012–present)
• Prime Minister – Janez Janša, Prime Minister of Slovenia (2020–present)

South Ossetia (partially recognised, secessionist state)

• President – Anatoliy Bibilov, President of South Ossetia (2017–present)
• Prime Minister – Gennady Bekoyev, Prime Minister of South Ossetia (2020–present)

Spain

• Monarch – Felipe VI, King of Spain (2014–present)
• Prime Minister – Pedro Sánchez, President of the Government of Spain (2018–present)

Sweden

• Monarch – Carl XVI Gustaf, King of Sweden (1973–present)
• Prime Minister – Magdalena Andersson, Prime Minister of Sweden (2021–present)

Switzerland

• Council – Federal Council of Switzerland [g]
• Members – Ueli Maurer (2009–present), Simonetta Sommaruga (2010–present), Alain Berset (2012–present), Guy Parmelin (2016–present), Ignazio Cassis (2017–present; President of Switzerland, 2022–present), Karin Keller-Sutter (2019–present) and Viola Amherd (2019–present)

Transnistria (unrecognized, secessionist state)

• President – Vadim Krasnoselsky, President of Transnistria (2016–present)
• Prime Minister – Aleksandr Martynov, Prime Minister of Transnistria (2016–present)

Ukraine

• President – Volodymyr Zelenskyy, President of Ukraine (2019–present)
• Prime Minister – Denys Shmyhal, Prime Minister of Ukraine (2020–present)

United Kingdom

• Monarch – Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom (1952–present)
• Prime Minister – Boris Johnson, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (2019–present)

Vatican City

• Monarch – Pope Francis, Sovereign of Vatican City (2013–present)
• Head of Government – Cardinal Fernando Vérgez Alzaga, President of the Governorate of Vatican City (2021–present)
• Holy See (sui generis subject of public international law)
• Secretary of State – Cardinal Pietro Parolin, Cardinal Secretary of State (2013–present)